University of Kirkuk - College of Veterinary Medicine 
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sustainable development
Sustainable development is the process of achieving balanced and sustainable economic, social, and environmental progress. It aims to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable development encompasses environmental sustainability through the protection of natural resources and the preservation of biodiversity; economic sustainability through the promotion of sustainable economic growth and job creation; and social sustainability through the promotion of equality, social justice, and human rights. Sustainable development is a primary objective for many organizations and communities worldwide.
Sustainable development towards a better environment means working to achieve economic and social development in ways that preserve the environment and protect natural resources. These efforts include reducing pollution, relying on renewable energy sources, promoting the sustainable use of water and soil resources, and enhancing the protection of biodiversity and the preservation of important ecosystems. The drive towards a better environment aims to achieve a balance between economic and social development and environmental protection to ensure the sustainability of resources and the quality of life for present and future generations. As Ban Ki-moon stated, while there is no other planet we can live on like Earth, there are other resources we can utilize that can contribute to achieving sustainable development.
Sustainability components
This means meeting current needs without harming natural resources, ensuring a clean and sustainable environment for future generations. This is achieved through adopting sustainable practices that reduce pollution, protect nature, and manage resources intelligently by minimizing waste, recycling, and conserving resources to ensure the planet remains clean and healthy for future generations and to create an environmentally friendly lifestyle.
Political sustainability refers to the ability of a political system or government to maintain stability, continuity, and effectiveness over time. It is a complex concept encompassing various factors such as economic stability, social cohesion, environmental protection, and democratic governance.
It is the ability of a society or nation to achieve sustained economic growth with the optimal use of resources, so that the needs of the present are met and a strong and stable economy is built that generates growth, provides employment opportunities, and uses resources efficiently, while preserving them to ensure continued development and the well-being of society in the present and future, without negatively impacting the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
It is a concept that emerged from previous concepts of social entrepreneurship and ecological entrepreneurship, through sustainable entrepreneurship. This concept means using creative business organization to solve problems associated with entrepreneurship, to create environmental and social sustainability as a strategic theme and goal, while simultaneously considering the limits set for maintaining life support systems in the process.
